1 CNC lathe CNC lathe spindle box structure is composed of, rest, feed transmission system, bed, hydraulic system, cooling system, lubricating system and other components, but NC Lathe Feed System and horizontal lathe feeding system in structure there is essential difference. Horizontal lathe spindle moving through the hanging wheel frame, a feed box, crate slipped to the turret, achieve longitudinal and transverse movement of feed. And the numerical control lathe adopts servo motor, the ball screw to skateboard and turret, Z to achieve ( longitudinal ) and setting direction (lateral) movement of feed. CNC lathes have female II work various thread function, rotation of the spindle and turret mobile movement between the relationship through the numerical control system to control. CNC lathe spindle box provided with a pulse encoder, the movements of the spindle through the synchronous toothed belt 11 transmitted pulse encoder. When the main shaft rotates, the pulse encoder sends out a detection pulse signal to the numerical control system, so that the spindle motor rotates with the knife cutting feed hold processing thread required motion relations, namely when processing thread spindle round, tool Z to move the workpiece a lead. 2 CNC lathe layout of NC lathe spindle, tailstock, and other parts of relative bed layout form and horizontal lathe are basically the same, the knife and a guide rail layout produced fundamental change, this is because the carrier and guide the layout form of direct effects of CNC lathe use performance and the village of L J node J and the appearance of the bed. In addition, CNC lathe with enclosed protective device.
( 1) the bed and track layout. CNC lathe body guide rail and the horizontal plane relative position as shown in Figure 1-13, a total of 4 kinds of layout form. Horizontal bed I art is good, easy guide surface processing. Horizontal bed with horizontal configuration knife can improve the speed of movement of the lance carriage, generally can be used in large or small precision CNC lathe CNC lathe layout. However, horizontal bed lower space, leading to difficult chip removal. From the structural size, turret placed horizontally make slide transverse dimension is longer, thus increasing the width of machine direction of the structure size. Horizontal bed with inclined slide and the configuration of inclined guideway cover layout form, on one hand, a horizontal bed good technology characteristics; on the other hand, machine tool width direction dimension than the horizontal configuration skateboard is small, and the chip is convenient. Horizontal bed with inclined plate and bed allocation oblique slide layout forms are commonly used in small CNC lathe. This is because the two layout forms chip easily, the chip does not accumulate in the guide rail, and is convenient for mounting automatic chip removal; easy operation, easy to install mechanical hand, to achieve single automation; machine covers an area of small, compact shape, appearance, easy to realize the closed protective. Slant bed guideway inclined angle for 30. , 45. , 60. , 75. And 90. ( called vertical lathe bed ) and several. Tilt angle is small, chip inconvenience; tilt angle, guide-rail is poor, force also difference. Guide rail tilt angle will directly influence the machine size the ratio of height to width. Considering the above factors, small specifications of CNC lathe bed, the inclination to 60. As appropriate.
( 2) turret layout. CNC lathe tool is the important part of machine tool, tool is used for clamping the cutting tool, therefore, its structure directly affects the performance of the cutting machine tool and cutting efficiency, to some extent, the turret structure and performance reflects the NC lathe design and manufacturing standards. With the continuous development of CNC lathes, turret structure innovation, but in general can be divided into two categories, namely row knife type tool and turret turret. Some turning center also with a knife for the automatic tool change device. Knife type tool generally used for small CNC lathes, various tools are arranged and clamped in the movable slide, can realize the automatic positioning of tool change time.
